Everything about Liquefaction Of Gases totally explained
Liquefaction of gases includes a number of faces used to convert a
gas into a
liquid state. The processes are used for scientific, industrial and commercial purposes. Many gases can be put into a liquid state at normal
atmospheric pressure by simple cooling; a few, such as
carbon dioxide, require pressurization as well. Liquefaction is used for analyzing the fundamental properties of gas molecules (intermolecular forces), for storage of gases, for example:
LPG, and in
refrigeration and
air conditioning. There the gas is liquefied in the
condenser, where the
heat of vaporization is released, and evaporated in the
evaporator, where the heat of vaporization is absorbed.
Ammonia was the first such refrigerant, but it has been replaced by compounds derived from
petroleum and
halogens.
Liquid
oxygen is provided to hospitals for conversion to gas for patients suffering from breathing problems, and
liquid nitrogen is used by dermatologists and by inseminators to freeze
semen. Liquefied
chlorine is transported for eventual solution in water, after which it's used for water purification, sanitation of industrial waste, sewage and swimming pools, bleaching of pulp and textiles and manufacture of
carbon tetrachloride,
glycol and numerous other organic compounds as well as
phosgene gas. It was used in warfare in
World War I at
Flanders (
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)) and in gaseous form at
Ypres, Belgium, though the shells were filled with liquid
(External Link).
Liquefaction of
helium (
4He) led to a
Nobel Prize for
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1913. At ambient pressure the boiling point of liquefied helium is 4.22 K (-268.93°C). Below 2.17 K liquid
4He has many amazing properties, such as climbing the walls of the vessel, exhibiting zero viscosity, and offering no lift to a wing past which it flows.
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